Contents. xiii 



PAGE 



fessed Theism His Mechanical Philosophy 

 Teleology and Darwinism Evolutionism for 

 merly Teleological Has the Instinct of the 

 Cuckoo a Fortuitous Origin ? Natural Selection, 

 not a Creative, but a Sifting Process Does not 

 explain the Formation of the Eye Variations 

 being predetermined imply Teleology Fortuity 

 an Accident in Darwinism, , 74 



CHAPTER IV. 



DARWINISM AND THE FOUNDATIONS OP MORALS. 



The Problem The Moment of Utility in Natural Se 

 lection The Utility of Intelligence and Morality 

 Evolutionary Biology leads to Utilitarian Ethics 

 Utilitarianism Old and New Evolutiono util 

 itarianism explains the Innateness, Simplicity, 

 Universality, and Obligation of Moral Laws What 

 Evolutiono-utilitarianism assumes : first, the 

 Derivative Character of Morality; secondly, the 

 Ultim ateness of Pleasure or some other End ; 

 thirdly, the Fortuitous Origin of Morality 

 through a Process purely Mechanical Man an 

 Automaton, with Intelligence and Conscience as 

 Accidents Speculative Objections Practical Ob 

 jections drawn from our Sense of Duty and Right 

 But this Sense explained away by Spencer and 

 Guyau Fallacy in their Theory of its Origin and 

 Future Decline Mechanical Metaphysics, not 

 Evolutionary Science, their Basis Darwinism 

 compatible with a Non mechanical and Non-for 

 tuitous Theory of Conscience ^Volution not 

 devolution Conscience compared with the 

 Eye and with the Intellect All Useful because 

 they reveal Facts, but not therefore mere 

 Utilities, . . . 



