ioo Teleology in Darwinism. 



random keys and made trial of them all ; or who s 

 to have a house, built a city and turned the su 

 perfluous houses over to the mercy of wind and 

 weather. Thus the conception of design, which 

 Aristotle required for the understanding of all 

 nature, and which Kant could not dispense with 

 in reflecting upon organisms, is declared at last, by 

 the Darwinist, useless in science and unwarranted 

 in philosophy. And the famous argument from 

 final causes, which Paley illustrated from the 

 adaptations of a watch, seems to collapse at the 

 touch of Darwinism. &quot; Suppose,&quot; says an emi 

 nent interpreter of that theory, &quot; that anyone had 

 been able to show that the watch had not been 

 made directly by any person, but that it was the 

 result of the modification of another watch which 

 kept time but poorly, and that this, again, had 

 proceeded from a structure which could hardly be 

 called a watch at all, seeing that it had no figures 

 on the dial and the hands were rudimentary, and 

 that, going back and back in time, we come at 

 last to a revolving barrel as the earliest traceable 

 rudiment of the whole fabric. And imagine that 

 it had been possible to show that all these changes 

 had resulted from a tendency in the structure to 

 vary indefinitely, and, secondly, from something 

 in the surrounding world which helped all vari- 



