1 66 Use of Tools and Speech. 



that animals both lose and acquire caution in re 

 lation to man and other animals, and that our 

 domestic dogs have attained to moral qualities un 

 known to the wolves and jackals from which they 

 are descended. 



ISfor does the capacity to use tools imply, as has 

 been urged, a fundamental difference between 

 the mental powers of man and of other animals ; 

 for the chimpanzee, in a state of nature, cracks a 

 fruit somewhat like a walnut with a stone, and 

 troops of Abyssinian baboons have been known 

 to attack their foes, human and simian, by rolling 

 down stones from the mountains upon their heads. 

 So that apes as well as savages use weapons and 

 implements ; and though savages now grind and 

 polish stones for definite purposes of utility and 

 defence, as did also their neolithic ancestors, the 

 most primitive men who have left any record of 

 themselves, the men of the palaeolithic age, had 

 not advanced beyond the use of rough, nngronnd 

 stones, which differed from the natural tools and 

 weapons of the apes only in being slightly 

 though rudely fashioned. 



The possession of articulate speech is regarded 

 by naturalists, like Huxley and Cuvier, and phi 

 lologists, like Max Muller, as the grand distinctive 

 character of man ; but Darwin holds that Ian- 



