The Evolution of Morality. 227 



sisters. That is to say, it is a family founded 

 upon the intermarriage of several sisters, own and 

 collateral, with each other s husbands in a group, 

 the joint husbands not being necessarily kinsmen 

 of each other ; and, also, on the intermarriage of 

 several brothers, own and collateral, with each 

 other s wives in a group, these wives not being 

 necessarily of kin to each other. It is designated 

 by Morgan the punaluan family, from a Ha 

 waiian analogue. And he supposes it to have 

 developed from the consanguine family as soon 

 as the evils of close inbreeding came to be gen 

 erally recognized. And from it, as he holds, 

 sprang the organized &quot; Gens &quot; &quot; the exogamous 

 totem-kin &quot; of McLennan whose first germ con 

 sisted in the systematic exclusion of brothers and 

 sisters from the marriage relation. 



Now, as there is a complete parallelism (which 

 we have not here space to illustrate) between the 

 relationships recognized by the Turanian system 

 and those growing out of the punaluan marriage, 

 it is inferred that the latter is the ground of the 

 former. The Turanian system of consanguinity 

 and affinity was universal among the North Amer 

 ican aborigines, and has been found in South 

 America and Africa ; it still prevails in India and 

 Australia. Like the Malayan, it survived after the 





