XXIV 



Contents. 



CHAPTER X. 



CHANCE, CAUSATION AND DESIGN. 



1. Old Theological objection to Chance. 



2_4. Scientific version of the same. 



5. Statistics in reference to Free-will. 



68. Inconclusiveness of the common arguments here. 



9, 10. Chance as opposed to Physical Causation. 



11. Chance as opposed to Design in the case of numerical constants. 



12 14. Theoretic solution between Chance and Design. 



15. Illustration from the dimensions of the Pyramid. 



16, 17. Discussion of certain difficulties here. 

 18, 19. Illustration from Psychical Phenomena. 



20. Arbuthnott s Problem of the proportion of the sexes. 

 21 23. Random or designed distribution of the stars. 

 (Note on the proportion of the sexes.) 



CHAPTER XT. 



MATERIAL AND FORMAL LOGIC. 



1, 2. Broad distinction between these views; 



2, 3. Difficulty of adhering consistently to the objective view; 



4. Especially in the case of Hypotheses. 



5. The doubtful stage of our facts is only occasional in Inductive 



Logic. 



69. But normal and permanent in Probability. 

 10, 11. Consequent difficulty of avoiding Conceptualist phraseology. 



CHAPTER XII. 



CONSEQUENCES OF THE DISTINCTIONS OF THE PREVIOUS CHAPTER. 



1,2. Probability has no relation to time. 



3, 4. Butler and Mill on Probability before and after the event. 



