XXV11 



Contents. 



15, 16. Illustration from family names. 



17. (2) from the moral expectation . 



18, 19. Inconclusiveness of these proofs. 



20 22. Broader questions raised by these attempts. 



CHAPTER XVI. 



APPLICATION OF PROBABILITY TO TESTIMONY. 



i 1, 2. Doubtful applicability of Probability to testimony. 



3. Conditions of such applicability. 



4. Eeasons for the above conditions. 



5. 6. Are these conditions fulfilled in the case of testimony : 



7. The appeal here is not directly to statistics. 



8, 9. Illustrations of the above. 



10, 11. Is any application of Probability to testimony valid? 



CHAPTER XVII. 



CREDIBILITY OF EXTRAORDINARY STORIES. 



1. Improbability before and after the event. 



2, 3. Does the rejection of this lead to the conclusion that the credi 



bility of a story is independent of its nature ? 

 4. General and special credibility of a witness. 



58. Distinction between alternative and open questions, and the 



usual rules for application of testimony to each of these. 



9. Discussion of an objection. 



10, 11. Testimony of worthless witnesses. 



1214. Common practical ways of regarding such problems. 

 15. Extraordinary stories not necessarily less probable. 

 16 18. Meaning of the term extraordinary, and its distinction from 

 miraculous. 



