APPENDIX D. 353 



AoyiVao-0at. - 4. Act 8e voelv TO F TO e 

 /caora vvyKeiptvov f) yap eiraywy?/ 8ta navT^v. 5. &quot;Eart 8e 6 

 rotowros cry AAoy tocos r?js TrpcorTy? /cat ajueo-ou Trporao-ecos. 6. ? !2i&amp;gt; 

 juey yap eon juecror, 8ta ro{5 juecrou 6 &amp;lt;ruAAoyi(r/x,oV a&amp;gt; Se //?? eon, 

 8i eTraywy?;?. 7. Kat rponov Tiva a^rt/cetrat r/ eTraywy^/ rco crvA- 

 Aoytcr/xa) 6 ^ei; yap 8ta TOV [Jiecrov TO axpov rw rptTW bfiKWfnv rj 

 8e 6ta row rpiTov TO anpov TOO /^cecra). 



I have transcribed the passage at length ; for it includes all 

 the important points of Ancient Induction. First, we have 

 the statement of the Syllogism e eTraywyrj?, where Aristotle 

 seems to draw a distinction between the process of gaining 

 knowledge and the formal arrangement of that knowledge. 

 Then he goes on to do away with such distinction by adding 

 ovTd) yap TTotov/iAe^a ras eiraycoyas : and he lays it down that 

 Induction is proving the connection between vt Middle&quot; and 

 Major&quot; by means of the &quot; Minor :&quot; i. e. if an ordinary Syllo 

 gism runs thus, 



All B is A. 



All C is B ; 



/. All C is A : 



then Induction will run thus 



All C is A. 



All C is B ; 



.-. All B is A. 



Now any person ordinarily acquainted with Logical forms will 

 see immediately that this is Logically incorrect ; that, in fact, 

 it involves an &quot; Illicit process of the Minor.&quot; Therefore it is 

 that Aristotle adds Aei 8e votlv TO F ro e aTtavTav a-vyK^i^vou, 

 in other words, the principle of Simple Enumeration (77 yap 

 eTraywy?) bia TravTw) is introduced, and the whole validity of 

 the process is based upon the assumption of the &quot; convertibility 

 of the Minor,&quot; or, in English, upon the assumption that it is 

 possible to exhaust and catalogue all cases on any subject : the 

 rpLrov, or Minor in the Deductive Syllogism, (Avhich is used as 

 the Middle Term in the Inductive,) is really this enumeration 

 of all possible cases. To explain ; let us take Aristotle s o\vn 

 illustration. 



A a 



