180 AN AMERICAN FARMER IN ENGLAND. 



to distance by the old reins, and laying their tile under these, 

 often less than eighteen inches from the surface. The action 

 of the drains was thus often imperfect. It is now customary 

 for the landlords, when they furnish tile, to stipulate the depth 

 at which they shall be laid. They sometimes also lay out 

 the courses and distances of the drains. The Marquis of 

 Westminster employs an engineer, who appoints foremen, 

 and, to a certain extent, suitably-trained labourers, to secure 

 the drainage of his tenant-lands in the most lastingly econom 

 ical and beneficial manner. Last winter he had two hun 

 dred men so employed, in addition to the labour furnished by 

 the tenants themselves, and over one million tiles were laid 

 by them. I heard nowhere any thing but gratification and 

 satisfaction expressed with the operation of the thorough- 

 drains. 



Implements. After breaking up the sward of these heavy 

 lands with a deep, narrow, furrow-slicing plough, a most ad 

 mirable instrument, quite commonly in use and everywhere 

 spoken well of, for crushing and pulverizing the soil in a 

 much more effectual and rapid manner than the harrow, is 



&quot; This implement,&quot; according to the inventor s advertise 

 ment, &quot; consists of twenty-three roller parts, with serrated 

 and uneven surfaces, placed upon a round axle, six feet wide 

 by two and a half feet in diameter. The roller-parts act inde- 



