THE STATE TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATIONS 129 



direction of a Red Cross Seal Commission. For three years 

 funds were accumulated in this way, and in 1917 a full-fledged 

 state association took the place of the commission. In spite 

 of unusual financial difficulties, inherent both in the sparsity 

 and character of the population as well as in the cotton and 

 tobacco situation of recent years, the South Carolina Association 

 has been able to maintain its executive office and has stimulated 

 an increasing amount of local interest in tuberculosis. 



The presence of the state sanatorium and well-developed 

 work in such centers as Columbia, Charleston, and Greenville, 

 are evidences of its activity. 



The present institutional facilities of the state represent 

 practically 100 per cent gain over those in existence five years 

 ago. Besides a state sanatorium for white and colored patients, 

 there are three county hospitals and one private sanatorium, 

 the Aiken Cottage Sanatorium, operated largely for northern 

 patients, and opened in 1896 (see p. 10). There are three per- 

 manent clinics, two open-air schools, and over 90 public health 

 nurses doing some form of tuberculosis work. 



The death-rate from tuberculosis in South Carolina in 1916 

 was 146.1, and in 1920 it was 120.0. 



The headquarters of the South Carolina Tuberculosis Asso- 

 ciation are at 209-210 Liberty Bank Building, Columbia, South 

 Carolina, and the field secretary is Miss Chauncey Blackburn. 



SOUTH DAKOTA PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION 

 The present South Dakota Public Health Association and, in 

 fact, practically all of the present tuberculosis and public health 

 movement in the state, with the possible exception of the state 

 sanatorium, owes its existence directly or indirectly to the en- 

 thusiasm of one woman, a Mrs. E. P. Wanzer, of Armour. In 

 1913 Mrs. Wanzer was interested in the Christmas seal sale and 

 was made chairman of a temporary Red Cross Seal Commission 

 created by the National Association. At that time the State of 

 South Dakota never had seen a public health nurse. No cam- 

 paign for health education had ever been carried on in the state. 

 The entire appropriation for the State Board of Health amounted 

 to only $600. With relatively little instruction, but with a great 

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