CHAPTER X 

 THE DOUBLE-BARRED CROSS 



AITS second annual meeting in 1906 the National Tu- 

 berculosis Association adopted the double-barred cross as 

 its official emblem. A historical statement regarding this 

 emblem, quoted from an article by Philip P. Jacobs, Ph.D., in 

 the Journal of the Outdoor Life for April, 1922, may not be amiss 

 in these pages: 



The double-barred cross was adopted as the emblem of the 

 tuberculosis movement at the International Conference on Tu- 

 berculosis held in Berlin in 1902. The proposer of the emblem 

 was Dr. G. Sersiron, of Paris. Some persons in connection with 

 the Conference had been discussing the desirability of an emblem 

 for several years. Dr. Sersiron made the definite proposal to 

 adopt the Lorraine Cross. The emblem was adopted without 

 any hesitation and with practically no opposition. 



The Lorraine Cross itself, to which the tuberculosis emblem, 

 as will be noted, is closely related, dates back to the Patriarchal 

 or Jerusalem Cross carried by the patriarchs of Jerusalem and 

 Constantinople. This form of cross was and still is used by the 

 Greek Catholic Church as its emblem. The double-barred cross 

 as a symbol of various movements, religious, political, fraternal 

 and otherwise has been in use for centuries. 



The medieval crusades of the eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth and 

 fourteenth centuries familiarized Europe with the double-barred 

 cross as it was seen upon the Greek Churches of Asia Minor and 

 Turkey. Godfrey, Duke of Lorraine, who was a leader of the 

 first Crusade, saw the cross in vogue in Jerusalem and adopted 

 it as his standard when he was elected ruler of Jerusalem in 1099. 

 Apparently on his return to France the double-barred cross be- 

 came the emblem of the then rising house of Lorraine. It has 

 remained in France as the Lorraine Cross to this day, but is dis- 

 tinguished from the Patriarchal Cross by having the lower bar 

 nearer the base. Many people will recall that one of the divisions 

 of the A. E. F. used the Lorraine Cross as its insignia, not adopt- 

 ing the tuberculosis emblem, but utilizing the Lorraine emblem 



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