KOI.; ON CATTLE. 77 



apply with a brush. The above will destroy any 

 of the small animals that inhabit horses, cattle 

 and dogs. Also Surfeit and Mange on horses. 



Bloat, Hoven, or Tympanites. 



The ox, a member of the order, Ruminantia, 

 has four compartments in the stomach, yet two of 

 them are nothing more than dilations of the 

 Oesophagus. The food is first swallowed and 

 becomes macerated in the first and second 

 stomachs. It is then returned for mastication 

 and is passed to the third or fourth stomach for 

 digestion. Anything, therefore, tending to arrest 

 the process of digestion will be liable to cause 

 'Tympanites. We will use the term Tympanites, 

 as the proper term, in preference to the term 

 Bloat. The term signifies a distention of the in- 

 testines with wind or gas, accompanied by an 

 elastic distention of the abdomen. The latter, 

 when struck or sounded by a blow, sounds like a 

 drum, and indicates a windy distention of the 

 abdominal viscera ( a bowel or organ within the 

 body) commonly known as Flatulent Cholic. 

 The direct cause of flatulency and windy disten- 

 tion is imperfect digestion. Instead of under- 

 going the healthy process of .digestion, whereby 

 the food is converted into chyme and chyle, it 

 ferments and evolves gasses, causing putrefac- 

 tion. Before this period it often happens that 

 the animal dies, either by rupture of the rumen 

 or some of the abdominal v scera. In some 

 i'ciaes the animal dies from suffocation, caused by 

 pressure upon the diaphragm. Imperfect diges- 

 tior\niay be occasioned by a deranged condition 

 of the digestive organs, induced by various 

 causes. Thus, if a stall-fed lot of cattle be 



