MASHES AND LANCING EECOMMENBED. 91 



and more particularly the tushes, in order to ascertain 

 whether they are making their way through the gums. 

 If so, incisions should be made across the swollen 

 gums, and immediate relief will follow. At times it 

 appears in aged horses, the process of growth in the 

 teeth of the horse continuing during life. 



"The brutal custom of farriers, who sear and burn 

 the bars with a red-hot iron, is most objectionable. It 

 is torturing the horse to no purpose, and may do seri- 

 ous injury. In a majority of cases the swelling will 

 subside without medical treatment. A few mashes 

 and gentle alteratives will give relief, but sometimes 

 slight incisions across the bars with a lancet or pen- 

 knife may be necessary. Indeed, scarification of the 

 bars in lampas will seldom do harm, though it is not 

 as necessary as is generally supposed." 



Concerning "Diseases occurring during Dentition" 

 Prof. William Williams says (" Principles and Practice 

 of Veterinary Surgery," p. 476) : 



"In the horse the temporary grinders are replaced 

 by permanent ones when he is from three to four years 

 old, and in the ox at from two years and six months 

 to two years and nine months. In cattle the cutting 

 of the permanent molars is occasionally a matter of 

 some difficulty owing to the unshed crowns of the 

 temporary teeth becoming entangled with the new 

 teeth, and thus proving a source of irritation and pre- 

 venting the animal from feeding. In some parts of 

 the country such animals are called { rotten/ from their 

 emaciated condition, and perhaps from the fetor ema- 

 nating from the mouth. When cattle of this age stop 

 feeding, lose condition, or drive! from the mouth, the 



