A TOOTH FOUND IK DIGGING A WELL. 113 



drift of Kansas, he says he is now able to announce 

 that similar remains have been discovered in a well at 

 Papinville, Bates County, Mo. Mr. 0. P. Ohlinger, 

 while digging a well, unearthed a tooth at a depth of 

 thirty-one feet from the surface ; it was resting in a 

 bed of sand beneath a 4-inch stratum of bluish clay 

 and gravel. Beneath the sand containing the tooth 

 was a gravel-bed five feet in thickness. He sent the 

 tooth to Prof. Joseph Leidy, of Philadelphia, who pro- 

 nounced it to be the last upper molar of a horse, prob- 

 ably an extinct species." 



In various volumes of the " Proceedings of the Acad- 

 emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia," accounts of 

 many other fossil horses' teeth may be found, of which 

 the following is a specimen (" Proceedings," &c., 1871, 

 p. 113): 



"Prof. Joseph Leidy exhibited a specimen of an 

 upper molar tooth, which Mr. Timothy Conrad had 

 picked up from a pile of Miocene marl at Greenville, 

 Pitt County, N. C. He believed, from its size and the 

 intricacy in the folding of the enamel of the islets at 

 the middle of the triturating surface, that the tooth 

 belonged to the Post- Pliocene Equus complicatus, and 

 was an accidental occupant of the Miocene marl. It 

 might, however, belong to a Hipparion of the Miocene 

 period, but the imperfection of the specimen at its in- 

 ner part prevented its positive generic determination." 



The discoveries of horse remains since 1880 by Prof. 

 E. D. Cope, one of the editors of The American 

 Naturalist, are of an extraordinary character, and an 

 interesting account of them appears in the APPENDIX 

 to this work. Truly the Americas are rich in fossil 



