THREE UPPER GRINDERS EXTRACTED. 179 



good could be done to the jaw as long as the tooth re- 

 mained in it, I decided to extract it. I had an instru- 

 ment made similar to the key used in human dentistry, 

 with a handle like that of an auger. Having cast my 

 patient and lanced the gum, I fixed the instrument on 

 the tooth and succeeded in extracting it, although it 

 required nearly all my strength. There was but 

 trifling hemorrhage, and the 'cancer' soon got well. 

 I think our patients are more frequently the subjects 

 of toothache than we suppose. Perhaps 'quidding' in 

 many of them might be traced to a carious tooth." 



In a report of ten cases of diseased teeth that were 

 treated at the Edinburgh Veterinary College during 

 the year 1845, the details of one is thus given in "The 

 Veterinarian" (1845, p. 626): 



"A cart-horse was brought here with a profuse flow 

 of white, clotty, and offensively smelling matter from 

 the off nostril. The external plate of the superior 

 maxillary bone on the same side was considerably 

 elevated, and pain was evinced on pressing the part. 

 There was no liberation visible of the 'Schneiderian 

 membrane, but the submaxillary lymphatic glands 

 were somewhat enlarged. On examination there ap- 

 peared to be disease of the superior maxilla, in which 

 the grinder teeth were involved. Considering the 

 extent to which the facial bones were affected, it was 

 decided, as the only way of effecting a permanent cure, 

 to extract the diseased teeth. The horse was cast, and 

 by means of the ordinary tooth-key three of the upper 

 back teeth were extracted. In a few days after the 

 operation the discharge diminished in quantity, and 

 under the continued application of proper remedies it 

 entirely subsided, and the horse is now well. 



