274 APPENDIX. 



raising among almost every tribe appears as an art derived 

 from neighboring tribes in the East or Northeast. Even in 

 Homer the ox appears exclusively as the draught-animal in 

 land operations at home and in the field, while the horse was 

 used for purposes of war only. Its employment in military 

 operations was determined by swiftness alone. That the value 

 of the horse must originally have depended on its fleetness, 

 can easily be inferred from the name that is repeated in all the 

 branches of the Indo-European language, and signifies nearly 

 "hastening," "quick." The same fact is exemplified by the 

 descriptions of the oldest poets, who, next to its courage, speak 

 most of its swiftness. The Popular Science Monthly for June, 

 1882. 



ELEPHANT TOOTH-GERMS. 



MM. POUCHET AND CHABRiT (Le Progres Medical), having 

 examined the germs of the teeth of a fetus of an elephant in 

 the Jardin des Plantes, have concluded that the general opin- 

 ions on this subject are not exact. Since .the works of Robin 

 and Kolliker, it has been assumed that there is produced on 

 the surface of the gum a primary epithelial bud (bourgeon), that 

 Pouchet calls the epithelial plate and Kolliker the adamantine 

 organ or enamel, which sends out a prolongation destined to 

 form a temporary tooth, and afterward a second prolongation 

 for a permanent tooth. The more recent experiments seem to 

 prove that the permanent teeth are not given forth from the 

 neck of the temporary, and that there is no secondary adaman- 

 tine organ. In the elephant, where there is no second set of 

 teeth, the same plate or layer appears, together with the same 

 prolongations. The two faces of the epithelial prolongation 

 do not have the same structure ; the inner face is composed of 

 cylindrical cells, while in the outer face there is a mingling of 

 epithelial and tissue cells. N. Y. Med. Times, Feb. 1881 (trans- 

 lated by Dr. T. M. Strong). 



The deductions of MM. Pouchet and Chabrit may be correct 

 in principle, but it is a mistake to say the elephant has only 

 one set of teeth, for he has six or more, and may in fact be said 



