PRIMITIVE ANATOMY. 207 



accident, are never known to come again. Mucianus has stated 

 that he himself saw one Zocles, a native of Samothrace, who had 

 a new set of teeth when he was past his one hundred and fourth 

 year. The number of teeth allotted to all men, with the excep- 

 tion of the nation of the TurduH, is thirty-two. In the human 

 teeth there is a certain venom ; for if they are placed uncovered 

 before a mirror they will tarriisli its brightness, and they will kill 

 young pigeons while yet unfledged. In addition to these facts, in 

 man males have more teeth than females, which is the case also 

 in sheep, goats, and swine." 



Apsyrtus, mentioned above, flourished about A. D. 330. He 

 described glanders, fevers, epizootic influenza, dental cysts, &c. 

 (See Ruellius's " Veterinarian Medicinae, Libri Duo," Paris, 1530, 

 for fragments from his and other ancient veterinary works.) 



ANCIENT EQUINE ANATOMY. 



A BEA.ST of burden has therefore in the head two bones; from 

 the front (or forehead) all the way to the nose other two ; two 

 lower grinders ; 40 teeth. There are 24 molars, four canine teeth, 

 twelve incisors. In the neck also are seven joints, and there are 

 eight broad muscles of the kidneys ; from the kidneys even to 

 the rectum seven. The horse's tail has twelve bands. In the 

 forearms are two ragulae ; from the arms all the way to the 

 muscles (or little arm) in the leg two. From the muscles in the 

 leg all the way to the knee two. In the knees two knee bones. 

 From the shin all the way to the ankle two. The hoofs, which 

 are called according to the number, two. Even to the fetlocks 

 sixteen small bones ; in the breast one ; also in the interior parts 

 36 ribs. Also from the rear parts, where the loins join, all the 

 way to the molars two ; from the molars all the way to the ver- 

 tebrae two ; two costales. From the upper part of foot all the way 

 to the hoof two ; from the hoof all the way to the fetlock two ; 

 also to the hoof sixteen small bones. And all the bones are 170. 

 Vegetius, Book IV, Cap. I (Scriptores Rei Rustic^ ti, 1155). 



To which is added the following note by the editor: "These 

 things concerning the bones of horses which are here written, are 

 spoiled not so much by copyists, but in other respects also are 

 too little to not at all accurate. Better things are able to be 

 sought, Cl. Platnero advises me, from the Anatomy of Charles 

 Buini, published at Venice, 1599,. folio," 



