.314 HOW TO MAKE A COUNTRY PLACE 



feet below the peak, the lower edge slightly curved outward in hori- 

 zontal line and edged with toothed shingles, or the gable that con- 

 caves not only at peak but along the whole verge edge gives beauty 

 and variety. 



Shingles fastened on shingle laths when wet dry out more 

 quickly and last longer than when laid on boarding, but indoor heat 

 is best conserved and exterior heat or cold excluded by covering the 

 entire roof with T. & G. boarding, on top of which is laid fireproof 

 paper generously lapped, then shingle laths, then the shingles, allow- 

 ing extra air space. 



In a severe climate a ceiled roof under the rafters, protected by 

 fireproof paper, gives an air chamber, added warmth, and is easily 

 laid before plastering, which, for still greater comfort, should be 

 furred out an inch from the rafters. Close valley shingling looks 

 neater and stops leaks, but curtails the life of the shingle. 



A Stone Roof. 



The enthusiasm of our Hibernian thatcher whose arbored 

 summer house was a source of chagrin to all base imitators tempted 

 us to let him loose in our quarry and stone roof the ice house we 

 never thought of its melting the ice faster. It was a small affair, 

 three-fourths underground on a side hill, with roof frame of heavy 

 logs. The greenish tinge of moss and rain streak, and a sprinkling 

 of thrifty growing stonecrop gave that roof a name for sylvan beauty 

 far and near. The roughness of Pelasgic walls was softened with 

 running ivy and woodbine that had been protected while building. 

 A rough board and hay-filled lining curbed the heat of summer on 

 that rare stone roof partly shielded by plant life. 



Tile Roofing, Balconies and Skylight. 



Tile makes a desirable roof, especially the mission, but the under 

 covering must be such as to prevent leaks. Unserviceable paper or 

 canvas has canceled many a tile contract. 



Rafters for tile roofs should be at least two by eight (2x8), 

 better still two by nine (2x9), in valleys two by twelve (2x12), 

 reinforced by supporting posts, partitions, and extra strong and well 

 nailed collar beams. 



If red tile is laid on main roof, avoid repeating it on a south 

 veranda, owing to sun reflection. Glare can be softened by painting 

 it in some subdued color, using tile of neutral shade, or covering 

 with thoroughly paint soaked canvas. Copper makes an excellent 

 substitute for tile, its tendency to split under weather changes being 

 curbed by ridge-seaming it every eighteen inches, but if a house is 

 isolated and left unprotected it is a temptation to thieves to unroof 

 it, as it is to steal copper boilers and brass pipe. 



Roofs covered with sheet lead, zinc, or tin, the latter painted on 

 : -both sides, make serviceable head pieces. Copper flashing does good 



