320 HOW TO MAKE A COUNTRY PLACE 



forced more directly over the flames will heat quickly, hence rise 

 rapidly in the flue, while the tendency of damp, dead, chimney air 

 to sink into a room is checked by the flue shelf, and hot air mixing 

 with it forces it up chimney. Smoking chimneys can be made to 

 draw with this treatment if fire opening is not over high say two 

 and one-half to three feet. This construction also conserves heat. A 

 big mouthed and big flued chimney will usually draw after the damp, 

 cold air becomes warm, but is a heat waster of the first magnitude. 



A deep, broad-mouthed fireplace gives w r armth and paints a 

 glorious seven-toned wall picture that gladdens man's inmost being, 

 but often makes an uncomfortably draughty room as it pulls the 

 air with giant force up-chimney. We semi-shackled the draught, as 

 well as a goodly portion of the ninety per cent, heat thus lost, by 

 installing an iron damper and baffles; less beauty, less flame, more 

 heat, more comfort. 



Use without abuse of the health-yielding chimney and stair flue 

 draught is true beneficence, for disease has no more relentless foe 

 than pure air. Forty days without food forty years ago failed to kill 

 Dr. Tanner who at this writing is very much alive, yet four minutes 

 in the black hole of Calcutta when it reached a certain condition 

 would have immediately changed the abiding place of his soul. 



A Freak Fireplace. 



One of our experiments possibly open to objection was to so 

 arch at a low level a fireplace between two gala rooms that an open 

 fire answered for both. A reredos lowered at will made a fire back 

 for each room, and gave when desired seclusion to each, as well as 

 better draught. 



Veranda and Conservatory. 



See that the veranda is extended beyond the house wall to catch 

 that southwest breeze, and build an open balustrade for coolness. 



The wide covered veranda requires a flat upper balcony pro- 

 jecting from side wall, a metal or canvas roof under these conditions 

 being necessary. In fact, it is good planning in order to get ample 

 sun and light in winter to have the veranda roof high, using, if 

 needed, awnings on the front or a grille to annul the stilted look of 

 a high flat roof. If facing south or east, a sun-room or second story 

 conservatory on this roof adds in comfort and appearance far more 

 than its cost, and if built during house construction is an inexpensive 

 luxury. 



More sunshine will be obtained if the outer half or third of the 

 veranda roof is pergolad, as the awning can be rolled back on cloudy 

 days, and removed in winter. Proper bracing and cantilever beaming 

 make it feasible to construct the sun-room-addition. 



It is good building to cover the floor of an outdoor balcony with 

 canvas, as on a steamer deck, laid in wet paint and oil. It should be 

 fastened with copper tacks. One we thus treated is still in good con- 



