CONTENTS xiii 



ART. PAGE 



130. Pressure Turbines Barker's Mill 471 



131. Borda Turbine . . .... 475 



132. Fourneyron Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 



133. Jonval Turbine . 479 



134. Suction Tube . . *-. . . 483 



135. Francis Turbine . . 487 



136. Thomson Vortex Turbine . . . . 496 



137. Compound Turbine. 509 



138. American Mixed Flow Turbine .. .. ". . .. .. .. ..oil 



139. Governing of Turbine Plants Stand Pipes Belief Valves Belays 



Gates and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 



140. Design of Head and Tail Eaces . . . . 527 



CHAPTER XV. 



141. General Considerations of Turbine Design. .. .. . .. ,. 530 



142 f General Case of Inward Radial Flow Pressure Turbine 



"' ( Inward Radial Flow Turbine with Radial Vanes Limitations of Theory 532 



143. Losses in Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 



144. Vane Thickness . . 550 



145. Curvature of Vanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 



146. Outward Radial Flow Pressure Turbine . . . . 555 



147. Axial Flow Pressure Turbine .... . . . . . . . . 556 



148. Mixed Flow American Type . . . , . . . . . . 557 



149. Impulse Wheel Girard Type . . . . .... 558 



150. Centrifugal Action 562 



151. General Comparison of Impulse and Pressure Turbines 563 



152. Stand Pipe Theory .564 



153. Fly-wheel Effect of Rotors . . . . . . . . 567 



CHAPTER XVI. 



154. The Hydraulic Engine 671 



155. Theory of the Hydraulic Engine Port Areas ..575 



CHAPTER XVII. 



156. Pumping Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679 



157. The Scoop Wheel .. .. ..579 



158. The Screw Pump .. .. '.. ..681 



Io9. The Reciprocating Pump Types Deep Well Pumps 5S2 



160. Valves Leakage Slip . . . . . . . . 591 



161. High Speed Reciprocating Pumps .. .... .. .. .. 594 



161a. Hydraulically Operated Pumps 600 



162. Displacement Curves 600 



163. Variation of Pressure in Cylinder Coefficient of Discharge Separation 



or Cavitation . 604 



164. Rise in Pressure following Separation .. .. .. .. .. ..612 



