228 



HYDKAULICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 



B- 



12 



13 



123456789/0, 



Time of closing Valve in Seconds 



FIG. 103. Pressures Attained Behind Valve in Excess of those Obtaining with Steady 

 Flow with Valve Open. 



Experiments by the author on a cast-iron pipe line 550 feet long and 

 3*75 inches diameter, with a range of values of the ratio a : a L from 9 to 79 

 and with values of T ranging from -22 to 13 seconds, show results in close 



