INTRODUCTION 9 



is found in Van Khyn's Dorp, where it penetrates the 

 Malmesbury beds. Near Upington the north-eastern 

 part of what is presumed to be the same mass of granite 

 is in intrusive contact with the Kheis beds. Granite 

 again plays an important part in the Vryburg and Mafe- 

 king Divisions, but it is not impossible that this granite 

 will prove to be older than the other. The granite of 

 the south-western districts is intrusive in the Malmes- 

 bury beds and forms elongated areas parallel to the 

 strike of the latter. There are a few outliers of the 

 Table Mountain series in this narrow southern end of 

 the plateau region ; the mountains of the Peninsula and 

 Kiebeek Kasteel are examples. Owing to the beds lying 

 nearly flat they are in strong contrast to the ranges 

 made of the same rock to the east of them. North of 

 the Berg River a broad and but slightly flexed layer of 

 the same series covers the Pre-Cape rocks for some fifty 

 miles. 



The Pre-Cape sedimentary rocks of the south-western 

 coast belt give rise to but few conspicuous hills, and of 

 these the highest, such as Groenberg near Wellington 

 and the Lion's Kump near Cape Town, owe their exist- 

 ence to former outliers of the Table Mountain series, 

 now removed by denudation. The chief hills, besides the 

 outliers mentioned above, are due to the granite of 

 Paarl, Malmesbury, and the Saldanha Bay country. 

 Further north the Kamies Berg in Namaqualand is a 

 very conspicuous mass of granite. 



In the north of the Colony the Pre-Cape sedimentary 

 rocks, unlike those of the south, form long and important 



