128 PONDOLAND 



consists, have been intensely folded in this region and 

 as far east as the neighbourhood of Algoa Bay, where 

 they disappear under the sea. The trend of the moun- 

 tains is east-south-east, and the chief ridges are the 

 Baviaan's Kloof, Koega and Zitzikamma Mountains 

 west of the Gamtoos River, and the Winterhoek and 

 Eland's Berg Ranges east of that river. The chief 

 feature of this area is the marked development of high 

 level plateaux or terraces, from which the mountain 

 ridges project, and in which the deep strike valleys of 

 Baviaan's Kloof and Koega Rivers have been cut. The 

 narrow synclinal or isoclinal troughs of Bokkeveld beds 

 have usually been selected by the rivers, though the 

 wide terraces high above them are cut indifferently 

 through soft and hard strata alike. 1 



Beyond Cape Recife and St. Croix Island the Table 

 Mountain series again appears east of the gates of the 

 St. John's River in Pondoland. This river, just before 

 it enters the sea, passes through a great block of Table 

 Mountain sandstone, flanked on the north by Dwyka 

 and on the south by Ecca beds, from both of which it 

 is separated by faults. 



The St. John's sandstone lies horizontally. A few 

 miles north-east of St. John's the Table Mountain 

 sandstone is again met with lying horizontally, overlain 

 to the north-west by the Dwyka tillite, and on the 

 south-east bounded by the ocean or separated by a 



1 Descriptions of the country by Schwarz arc in G. C., ix., p. 47 ; and 

 x., p. 47 ; T. S. A. P. S., xv., p. 43 ; Amer. Journ. Sci. xxiv., p. 185 ; and 

 in Papers, etc., read at the joint meeting of the B. and S. A. A. A. S., 

 1905, p. 56. 



