THE KARROO SYSTEM 217 



Plants such as are found in the Molten o beds do not 

 occur in the Bed beds, with the possible exception of 

 the silicified wood. 



This group reaches its maximum thickness of 1,600 

 feet in Elliot ; in the Stormbergen and in Aliwal North 

 it thins to about 600 feet, and in Matatiele it has 

 dwindled to not much more than 200 feet. 



The fossils hitherto obtained from the Red beds are 

 the following : 



Fishes 



Ceratodus kannemeyeri, Seeley. 

 Crustacea 



Estheria, sp. 

 Reptilia 



Euskelesaurus browni, Hux. 



Massospondylus carinatus, Owen. 1 



Orinosaurus capensis, Lydd. !* Dinosaurs. 



Thecodontosaurus brovmi, Seeley. J 



Notochampsa longipes, Broom (a crocodile). 

 Mammalia 



Tritylodon lonyoevus, Owen ? 



The Cave Sandstone. 



The line of junction between the Red beds and Cave 

 sandstone is often abrupt, but not infrequently there 

 are thick beds of white or yellow sandstone at the upper 

 limit of the former, or it may be that the base of the 

 latter is well laminated, so that it is sometimes difficult 

 to draw a sharp line between the two formations. The 

 Cave sandstone is an extraordinarily massive fine-grained 

 rock with bedding planes but feebly developed. The 

 sandstone is largely made up of quartz grains ; grains of 

 felspar (mostly microcline) are abundant, and tourma- 



