THE KARROO SYSTEM 239 



the Sierra los Llanos in beds lying upon a thick conglo- 

 merate. 1 



In the Falkland Islands there has been found a glacial 

 boulder-bed overlain by beds containing Glossopteris, 

 Phyllotheca and, perhaps, Schizoneura. 2 



Perhaps the most interesting comparison can be 

 drawn between the Beaufort fauna and flora and those 

 of the Permian formation of Kussia. PalcBomutela and 

 Palaanodonta are two genera of probably fresh-water 

 mollusca that are common to the Russian and South 

 African beds; of the first-named genus four species 

 from the Karroo beds were determined by Amalitzky 

 to be identical with Russian forms, viz., P. trigonalis, P. 

 semilunata, P. murchisoni, and P. plana, while seven other 

 species are very closely allied to others from Russia ; of 

 Palceanodonta two species are common to the two for- 

 mations, P. okensis and subcastor? Amalitzky has also 

 found Pareiasaurus , Dicynodon, Oudenodon and large The- 

 rocephalian reptiles in lenticular beds within the Permian 

 strata on the Dwina River associated with Glossopteris 

 and Gangamopteris^ Both above and below the horizon 

 on which these characteristic Karroo genera occur there 

 are limestones containing marine species of Upper Per- 

 mian age. These discoveries go far towards settling the 

 age of the Beaufort beds relatively to the European rocks. 



1 Kurtz, F., Rec. Geol. Surv. India, xxviii., p. Ill, 1895 ; Bodenben- 

 der, W., Zeitsch. d. Deutsch. Geol. Gesellsch., xlviii., p. 183, 1896 ; Zeitsch. 

 f.prakt. Geol., 1896, p. 120. 



2 Nathorst, Bull. Geol. List. Upsala, vol. vii., 1906, p. 72, and J. 

 Halle, G. M., 1908, p. 264. 



3 Amalitzky, W., Q. J. G. S., p. 337, 1895. 



4 Amalitzky, W., Sur les Fouillesde 1899 de Debris de Vertebres dans 

 les Depots Permiens de la Russie du Nord, Warsaw, 1900. 



