242 INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL SCIENCE 



or stalks of crops, which contain starch or sugar, are sources 

 of alcohol. 



Alcohol burns with a nearly colorless flame, without soot; 

 that is, there is complete combustion. See Section 4, Com- 

 bustion. Therefore the flame is very hot. To obtain light, 

 it is necessary to use a covering for the flame, which is ren- 

 dered white-hot, but which does not burn. These coverings 

 are made of rare earths and are called incandescent gas 

 mantles. 



Gasoline engines can be adapted to the use of alcohol, and 

 special stoves are now made which burn alcohol in the place 

 of gasoline. Alcohol, in the open market, is more expensive 

 than gasoline, but it has some advantages in convenience 

 and safety. Nevertheless, since alcohol is made from mate- 

 rial which would otherwise be wasted, there is a decided gain 

 for the farmer who either makes his own alcohol, or who 

 combines with his neighbors to maintain a cooperative 

 distillery. 



References : 



1. 1703 : 414-^15. Preparation of Ethyl Alcohol. 



2. Farmers' Bulletin No. 410. Potato Culls as a Source of In- 



dustrial Alcohol. 



3. Farmers' Bulletin No. 429. Industrial Alcohol. 



a. 1701:401-405. Alcohol. 



b. 1704 : 209-214. Alcohol and Distillation. 



c. 1705 : 155-156. Alcohols. 



d. 1706:408-411. Alcohols. 



e. 1707:471-472. Alcohols. 

 /. 1708:403-404. Alcohols. 

 g. 1709:381-384. Alcohols. 

 h. 1711:290-291. Alcohols. 



i. 1712:273-276. Alcohol. Distillation and a Test for 

 Alcohol. 



