EDUCATION AND CIVILIZATION 293 



Experiment 92. Dyeing. 



Apparatus: Burner, asbestos mat, ring stand, two beakers 

 100 c.c., test tubes. 



Materials: Logwood solution, aluminum sulphate solution, 

 1-20, ammonium hydrate solution, 1-4, two pieces of white 

 cotton cloth 2"X 2". 



a. Wash a piece of the cotton cloth in several changes of 

 water, and then boil it in the logwood solution for five minutes. 

 Remove the cloth and wash it. Result? 



6. Wash another piece of cloth as before, dip it into the 

 aluminum sulphate solution, wring and dip it into the ammo- 

 nium hydrate solution. Squeeze out the excess of liquid, and 

 boil the cloth for five minutes in the logwood solution. Try 

 washing out the color with soap and water. Is it " fast "? 



The ammonium hydrate and the aluminum sulphate to- 

 gether form what is called a mordant. This clings to the 

 cloth and also holds the coloring matter fast. Silk and wood 

 " take " the dyes and do not require mordants. There are 

 some dyes which do not require mordants, even with cotton. 

 These are called direct dyes. 



211. EDUCATION AND CIVILIZATION 



Education is more than the acquisition of information. The 

 latter may satisfy our immediate want; the former should 

 supply all of our mental needs. The basis of education, how- 

 ever, is information, but information should be so related to 

 what we already know that it will fit in with it and become 

 part of a connected whole. Otherwise, the information is 

 either lost or becomes part of a jumbled mass in an unorgan- 

 ized brain. In order to learn one thing well, it is necessary 

 that we know a little about a great many things. We cannot 



