76 SOCIAL EVOLUTION 



in tin- fourth and fifth columns of the diagram then- i> 

 a >om'\\ hat corropondinu: division, only under the more 

 scientific name of tin- Kolithic period, tin* Lower Pale- 

 olithic period, the I'pp.-r Paleolithic period, and the 

 Neolithic jM-riod. K'eane a-sociates the Paleolithi 

 rough stone age, with the glacial period in Kurope, and 

 the Neolithic, or polished stone age, with the period since 

 the ice ages. 82 



Tin- l"ppT and Lower Paleolithic period^ are different, 

 in that the IO\V<T period is charactcri/rd l.y the evolution 

 of the almond-shaped (amygdaloid) implement, which is 

 unknown in the Kolithic period and rare in the I'pper 

 Paleolithic period. This is the typical river drift im- 

 plement. The eolithic implements differ from the lower 

 paleoliths in that they are extremely rough, so primitive, 

 indeed, that some archeologists have hesitated to rec- 

 ognize them as the work of man. They are natural 

 flakes, chips, or nodules of flint that bear traces of utili/a- 

 tion and of having been fitted to the han 



Returning to the Lower Paleolithic period of our dia- 

 gram, we find that there are "four well defined epochs 

 based on both stratigraphy and the evolution of the al- 

 mond-shaped implement. " These are the Strepyan, Chel- 

 lean. and the lower and npp-r . \cheiilian. :t The fact that 

 archeologists and anthropologist- have found it necessary 

 to distinguish between different types of implements 

 shows how there was a gradual evolution of this very 

 low and rudimentary culture to higher and higher stages. 

 Each of these different periods extended over thousands 

 of years. In the Chellean epoch, the almond-shaped im 



>* Keane, op. cit., pp. 54-55. 



" See figure 24. 



See figures 27, 28 and 20. 



