118 snrl.M. KVnl.l TloN 



Usages give solidarity and coherence to the group. 



The unity secured l.y loyal!) to it- traditions inn 

 vival assured. Hut it' then- is to be further progres- 

 continuing success in tin- strumrle. tin* restraint m 

 loyal meinlxTs must not be carried over into a habit of 

 . . cution which faila t.. discriminate between helpful 

 innovators ami dangerous egoism. Katun- allows varia- 

 tions from tyj>e. Wli-n tin--'- \ariaiions give advantage, 

 :-al selection s *!ir ])nMTvation of those indi- 



viduals which possess tlirni. Y.-i among IIKMI tin i. i- 

 a ti-ndrii.-N to precenre tin- old usage at a sacriii' 

 of new and useful activities to persecute t<.r the sake 

 of persecution. This habit has led one sociologist to 

 say that men try to preserve what nature has ordain* d 

 to decay." Tin- result is a retarded state of culture. 

 "In certain respects each born generation is not like the 

 last born ; and in certain other respects it is like the last 

 But the peculiarity of arrested civilization is to kill out 

 varieties at birth almost; that is, in early childhood, and 

 before they can develop. The fixed custom which public 

 opinion alone tolerates is imposed on all minds, wli 

 it suits them or not." 1 * Those primitive groups that 

 citing blindly to their superstitions and imposed 

 mfeomu-} discipline up"!; tiieir iniiMvatiiiir ni'nil'-i> l.y 

 {rrible sanctions, killed out of the whole society the pro- 

 pensity to variation which was the principle of progress. 

 If association is responsible for the intellectual facul- 

 ties of man, it is doubly responsible for his moral 

 nature. Morals are social nnined. They ar* 



result of social growth and experience. They are the 

 rules of life found to work in the evolution of any par- 

 ticular group. Morals are "nothing but the convi 



p. !., . 54. 



