THI: ixn.rBNCES <>i nr . i-:\vn;oN 



MKNT 



in socieiN I..-, -nines a life of increasing complexity 



mill i i.erieneo.. The intricate adjustments 



ami 'ions demanded of social individuals tend to 



them iimn- r.-tin.-d in t ponses to external 



stimuli, and develop a hiirhly complicated nervous organi- 



zation accompanied ly an im-iva-ini: iiirllowin-ss of <-ul- 



I'.nt tin* individual man or animal living un<l<-r tho 



ti<>ns of group life is none tin- loss subjected to in- 



tlin-n.'.^ t'l-'Mii tin- >urrundinir conditions of its physical 



rnviromm -nt. ( limate, soil, food, and the general topog- 



raphy of tlir Croup's liahitat exercise a powerful sway 



tli. life of hoth group and individual. The con- 



ditions of suiToundinir nature act as compelling and re- 



^ to which adaptations must be made. 



Tin- inhrritan. of modifications caused durinir tln life 



of the organism by its effort to adapt it-. -If to the forces 



virnmmnt, has been discussed in chnpt- r 11. In 



the pres- .ptr w shall consider the ei geo- 



tiH'iit upon the mode of life and the 



cultural drvi'Iopinrnt of social groii)<. 



"Man can no more be scirntihYally studied apart from 



the ground \vhicli h tills. <r the lands over which he 



travels, or the seas over which he trades, than the polar 



or the do- tus can be understood apart from 



its habitat. Man's relations to this environment are 



121 



