HBAL BO II. 



known origin, who wandered about in the mythical period 



it. It. tintm). They were possessed of superhuman 

 power, and became the ancestors of the totemic groups. 

 A great -ili\ i.lual gave rise to the carpet- 



snake group. In their \\anl rings over the country 

 these strange inli\ -i-luals performed sacred cerem<> 

 At places where they stopped and went into the ground, 

 a rock or water-pool arose to mark tin* spot. Hep- a 

 number of spirit individuals came into being who became 

 transformed into men and women, the first totemit ~ 

 In the Aramla al li rin^a there were no human beings 

 but only inmmpN -te ereatures of various shapes. "They 

 had no distinct limbs or organs of sight, hearing, or smell, 

 <li<l i food, an. I presented the appearance of human 



{ all double.! np into a rounded mass, in which just 

 the outline of the lirtVp-nt parts of the body could be 

 vaguely seen." 87 The Ungambikula ("Out of X,,tl. 



\isting") took hold of these creatures, and by 

 means of a complicated surgical operation shaped them 

 int.. men and women. 



In Australia, the tahoo plays an important part in con- 

 nection with the totemic system. A member of the 

 ana must not rat the totem animal, but can kill it 

 and hand it over to the members of other tot. -m 1:1 

 to be eaten by them. 38 A kangaroo man must not kill a 

 kangaroo with any show of brutality. He is only per- 

 mitted to hit it on the neck. Then he can eat its head, 

 feet, and liver; the re>t he must leave to his friends. The 

 mosquito man may neither kill nor eat insects. The rain 

 man must use water moderately, and when it rains must 



T Spencer and Gillen. Tk* \orthrr* Tribn of Cimtrv! .4*fro/,o. 1004, 

 pp. 145-146, and Tkr .Valirr Tribn of Central .4iufrvJi. 1899, p. MS, 

 Spencer and Gillen, T** \ortkcr* Tribe*, etc., p. 149. 



