IKAL SIM OBT1 271 



l'!-iiniti\.- HP -ii must have similar usages. But the first 

 discoverers of the Australian natives f..mid that they bad 

 no conception of exchange. Th< ir interest was not even 



ised by the ornaments offered them, and gifts v. 



)>een present. .1 t< th.-m \\.-re cast away in neglect 

 and stn-un .ii<out the woods. The same experiences were 



Mth the In. haii tribes of Brazil. Hut in spite of thi- 

 apparent absence of modern usage, tin* tribes carried on 

 le in pots, stone hatchets, hammocks, cotton 

 thren klaces of mussel-shells, and a variety of other 



ait ides. Direct observation showed that the explanation 

 <f tiiis riddle was in fact simple enough, the transfer 

 of goods was not true economic exchange, but ensued by 

 way of presents, and, under certain eimi instances, by 

 way of robbery, spoils of war, tribute, fine, compensa- 

 tion, and winnings in gaming. A virtual community of 

 goods prevails between members of the same tribes in 

 matters of su-t IUHK . ( u-toins of hospital most 



liberal When a herd of cattle is slaughtered, the 

 passer-by must be invited to the meal. One may t Y, -ly 

 lit. r a hut and ask for food and is never r fused. When 

 there is a poor harvest, it is the custom for whole com- 

 munities to visit their neighbors, who are expected to 

 support them. The customs of loaning articles of use 

 and implements is universal and all hut obligatory. 



v is no private property in land. Surplus stores can 

 ii/.'-d only for consumption, since all households pro- 

 duce similar commodities and aist each other when n.-.-d 

 arises. Hence there is no occasion for direct barter.** 

 Between tin- tril.es of this locality rules of hospitality 



id which necessitate the presentation of a gift to the 

 stranger. "A ft.-r a certain interval he reciprocates, and 



"BClcher. Carl Industrial Krotutio*. 1901. pp. 89-82. 



