I TION FBOM THIHAL - Y 296 



Science and I'!iil.-..|,i.\. of all higher arts of life and 

 refinements of living which have i primitive cul- 



tures ai -Tied them into ci\ ili/.ati 



We \\i\\ ated another factor as bound up with the 



creation of a surplus. This was the establishment of a 



s. Probably no oth-r single force 

 in human 1 ias been more important in l>ri< 



about the complete transition from tribal to rivil >. 

 than the growth of commerce. 1 f t here was opportunity 

 mmerre t ! ion of a surplus was fa 



mg of an excess in the horn* produce for some 



new want stimulated the further production of surplus 



>n fully satisfy that wdnt. In time, new industries 



ated, and t turn, \v re worked for the surplus 



ict which could be iged for still newer wants. 



iltintf liver>itieation of wants was educational 



f..i the people an<l t n<led to lay the basis for a rich and 



staining economy which becomes the found. 

 of a great civi! >r responding to the exchange 



in wares and articles of commerce, there was a communi 

 i <>f new ideas and transmission of intelligence that 

 could 11 to react profoundly upon the dc 1 



culture of the people. The commercial people be< 



of customs other than their own and learn famil- 

 iarity \\ith stranireand : localities. All this va 

 of e.\ o broa-; ir point of view and gives a 

 ripeness and maturity culture \vhi.-h no other in- 

 fluence can bring. 



Thus, in the transition from tribal to civil society there 

 occur important modifications in the social structure, 

 making it mor- and broadening its scope and 



power of ad through 



force of adverse or favorable circumstances, that the local 



