viii CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



VI. WORK OF THE OCEAN 



GENERAL FACTS . 167 



PROCESSES IN OPERATION IN THE SEA 170 



MOVEMENTS OF SEA-WATER 173 



DEPOSITS ON THE OCEAN-BED 189 



LAKES 



OUTLINE OF THEIR WORK AND HISTORY ...... 201 



MOVEMENTS AND DEFORMATIONS OF THE EARTH'S 



BODY (DIASTROPHISM) 



MINUTE AND RAPID (SEISMIC) MOVEMENTS, EARTHQUAKES 206 

 SECULAR MOVEMENTS 217 



IX. VULCANISM 



INTRUSIONS 228 



EXTRUSIONS 229 



THE CAUSE OF VULCANISM 241 



X. MATERIALS OF THE EARTH AND THEIR ARRANGE- 

 MENT 



IGNEOUS ROCKS 246 



SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 265 



INTERNAL CHANGES IN IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS; 



METAMORPHISM 285 



VARIOUS CLASSIFICATIONS AND NOMENCLATURES . . . 297 



PART II 

 HISTORICAL GEOLOGY 



XI. THE ORIGIN OF THE EARTH 



HYPOTHESES 299 



XII. STAGES OF THE EARTH'S HISTORY PRIOR TO THE 

 KNOWN ERAS 



STAGES UNDER LAPLACIAN HYPOTHESIS 307 



STAGES UNDER PLANETESIMAL HYPOTHESIS 310 



XIII. THE ARCHEOZOIC ERA 



GENERAL CONCEPTIONS 314 



GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ARCHEAN ROCKS . . 317 



DISTRIBUTION OF ARCHEAN ROCKS 320 



THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 323 



GENERAL TABLE OF GEOLOGIC TIME DIVISIONS . . . .323 



XIV. THE PROTEROZOIC ERA 



FORMATIONS AND PHYSICAL HISTORY 325 



THE PROTEROZOIC OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR REGION . .331 

 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO LAKE SUPERIOR 



PROTEROZOIC 337 



PROTEROZOIC OUTSIDE LAKE SUPERIOR REGION 340 



LIFE DURING PROTEROZOIC ERA .... ... 342 



CLIMATE OF PROTEROZOIC ERA ... 342 



