LIFE 675 



with the human relics a subarctic and a subtropical. In the sub- 

 arctic group there were reindeer, mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, 

 musk-oxen, and other boreal forms; in the subtropical group, lions, 

 leopards, hippopotamuses, hyenas, southern rhinoceroses, and other 

 African types. These contrasted groups, as interpreted by James 

 Cii-ikie and others, imply migrations of the kind already sketched 

 as characteristic of the glacial period. These seem to indicate, 

 therefore, that man lived in Europe before the close of the glacial 

 period. 



The relics thus associated with extinct animals have been 

 assigned to paleolithic man, and to a primitive stage of culture. 

 This interpretation is based on the crudeness of the stone artefacs, 



Fig. 550. Etching of an aurochs on a slab of slate, from the bone cave of Les 

 /.k's, Dordogne, France (K size). This sketch may be instructively compared 

 with the similar work of the ancient Assyrians and Egyptians. (Prestwick.) 



rather than upon the evidence of a higher order of art which the 

 record presents. If, however, the rude stone artefacs can be inter- 

 preted as the waste incidental to the making of good stone imple- 

 ments, a more favorable judgment of the art of these ancient peoples 

 would be reached. Associated with the ruder artefacs (or paleo- 

 liths) there are implements of bone, such as needles, awls, harpoons 

 or spears with barbs, etc., implying some advance in art; there are 

 carvings that show not a little skill, and drawings in which the ele- 

 ments of perspective and shading, as well as skill in delineation, are 

 indicated (Fig. 550). These seem to imply a higher stage of art 

 development than is consistent with the exclusive use of paleolithic 



