708 



INDEX 



Valleys, 58 



development of, 60 



limits of, 63 

 Van Hise, C. R., cited, 45, 226, 321, 325, 



33i, 334, 337 

 Veatch, A. C., cited, 538 

 Veins, 286 



Venaricardia marylandica, 573 

 Venus ducatelli, 595 

 Vermes, Cambrian, 361, 362 



Ordovician, 385, 386 

 Vermilion iron ore, 333 

 Vesuvius, 230 



Viburnum inaequilaterale, 547 

 Vicksburg formation, 574 

 Vitulina pustulosa, 419 

 Viviparus montanensis, 530 

 Volcanic activity, Pliocene, 607 

 Volcanic agglomerate, 250, 263 



ash, 235, 250 



breccia, 263 



cones, 236 



conglomerate, 263 



dust, 13 



gases, 236, 241 



mud-flows, 238 



plugs, 228 



rocks, 227, 246, 652 



Volcanic stages of earth's history ,3 1 1 ,3 1 2 

 Volcanoes, 230 



distribution of, 231, 233 



gases of, 236, 240, 241 



independence of, 232 



periodicity of, 234 



products of, 235 



relations of, 232 

 Voltzia heterophylla, 478 

 Vulcanism, 2, 237-245 



cause of, 241 

 Vulcanism in sea, 172 



Waagenoceras cumminsi, 481 

 Walchia piniformis, 477 

 Walcott, C. D., cited, 342 

 Walled lakes, 122 

 Washington, coal in, 559 

 Water-gaps, 92, 104 

 Water-table, 31 

 Waterlime, fauna of, 401 

 Wave-built terraces, 187 

 Wave-cut terraces, 181 

 Wave erosion, 181 



motion, 173 

 Waverly fauna, 435 



series, 427 



Waves, 173, 175 



deposition by, 184 



erosion by, 176, 177 



transportation by, 183 

 Weathering, 29, 38, 73, 74 

 Weed, W. H., cited, 37, 51 

 Weller, S., cited, 368 

 West Indian Eocene, 564 

 White, David, cited, 423, 454 

 White, I. C., cited, 440, 453, 457 

 White River beds, 575, 578 



fauna, 591 



Whitney, J. D., cited, 676 

 Wichita formation, 471, 524 

 Wild, J. J., cited, 167 

 Wilder, F. A., cited, 560 

 Williams, H. S., cited, 358 

 Willis, Bailey, cited, 96, 177, 226, 



542, 559, 588, 607, 645 

 Williston, S. W., cited, 464 

 Wilson, J. H., cited, 613 

 Winchell, N. H., cited, 646 

 Wind, abrasion by, 22 



work of, 12 

 Wind-gaps, 104 

 Wind-ripples, 21 

 Winslow, Arthur, cited, 374 

 Wisconsin ice sheet, 633, 635 

 Wisconsin, lead and zinc in, 374 

 Wisconsin River, Dells of, 100 

 Worms. See vermes. 

 Worthenia tabula ta, 469 

 Wyandotte cave, 39 



Xenoneura antiquorum, 424 

 conchyliophora, 597 



Yarmouth epoch, 633 



interglacial stage, 634 

 Yellowstone falls, 89 

 Yellowstone National Park, 589 

 Youth of valleys, 69 



Zaphrentis centralis, 435 



ponderosa, 416 



umbonata, 398 

 Zechstein, 472 

 Zeolites, 197 

 Zeuglodons, 571 

 Zinc of Missouri, 427 

 Zinc ores, Ordovician. 374 

 Zone of fracture, depth of, 240 

 Zonites priscus, 466 

 Zonitoides minusculus, 644 

 Zygospira recurvirostris, 382 





357, 



