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JUNIOR GRADE SCIENCE 



(c) Dip a rod in hydrochloric acid and hold it over a jar of the gas. Observe 

 the formation of white fumes. 



(d) Shake up a jar of the gas with a little water. Examine the solution. 



See that it is identical with the " ammonia 

 liquid," from which the gas was obtained, and 

 that it loses its odour on boiling, the gas being 

 evolved. 



(e) Heat an ammonium salt with caustic soda 

 or lime, or merely well mix the two in a mortar 

 with the addition of a little water. Observe 

 by the odour that ammonia is produced. 



Properties of ammonia. The liquid 

 commonly known in the laboratory as 

 ammonia has a sharp pungent smell and 

 colours red litmus blue. If this liquid be 

 heated, a gas is given off which may be dried 

 by passing over quick-lime, and collected 

 by upward displacement, as illustrated in 

 Fig. 100. It is found that the ''ammonia 

 liquid " is merely a solution of a gas, viz. 

 ammonia, which is very soluble in water, 

 turns red litmus blue, does not support 

 combustion and is apparently not com- 

 bustible. In an atmosphere of oxygen, however, the gas readily burns, 

 forming water. 



Fia. 100. Preparation of 

 ammonia. 



