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gress of a nation, and especially those connected 

 with agricultural experiments, may be viewed from 

 two stand-points the scientific and the commercial. 

 And it will be admitted that the business of the two 

 is so entirely distinct, that if those to whom one 

 appertains, meddle with the other, they are sure 

 to mismanage it. It will not be denied also, that 

 the two go hand in hand, neither being indepen- 

 dent of the other. In countries in an early stage of 

 civilization, the former, it will be apparent, properly 

 appertains to Government, for this reason, that 

 the people, from poverty and ignorance, are clearly 

 unequal to the performance of the task ; and, con- 

 sidering its bearing on the welfare and existence of 

 the people, the duty, in regard to agricultural 

 experiments of national importance, may well be 

 placed among those that are obligatory. In countries 

 in an advanced stage of civilization, the case, like 

 all others, is different. The people are so highly 

 educated, and so wealthy ^ that they are well able 

 to, and, generally, do perform efficiently the duties 

 of both departments, for themselves ; although no 

 country has yet reached that highest state of 

 advancement, of the Government of which it may be 

 said, that to aid the people in the discharge of the 

 first office, is not an expedient function. 



The Government of India has always, moreover, 

 recognized these principles. I say recognized, 

 because, as must indeed be obvious, a Government, 

 the greater portion of whose surplus means has 



