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wastes, and I should be extremely sorry to deprive 

 them of any credit which is their just due on this 

 score. But have they aided in improving the means 

 of land or river inter-communication; have they 

 made roads, built bridges or canals ; have they estab- 

 lished hospitals for the sick, alms-houses for the poor, 

 caravansaries for the weary and exhausted; have 

 they assisted in the maintenance of an efficient 

 police; have they built colleges or schools, or 

 attempted to improve the existing wretched village 

 patshallas of the country, or expended any portion 

 whatever of their accumulated savings in elevating 

 morally or intellectually, their less fortunate fellow 

 countrymen ; have they given long leases to their 

 tenants on such terms as have enabled them to im- 

 prove their holdings and attain a small degree of 

 prosperity ; have they built houses for them, drained 

 or bunded their lands, or in any way cared for their 

 comfort or welfare ; finally, have they shown a par- 

 ticle of that enterprise, energy, and activity of cha- 

 racter, which in other countries tend to divert the 

 surplus wealth of one section of the people into 

 channels from whence all derive advantage, and to 

 which England owes her fine roads, her many rail- 

 ways, her mighty steam companies, her mining, 

 iron-working*, and other companies ? They have 

 done none of these things. 



How then has this vast accumulation of wealth 

 been expended, and into what channels has it per- 

 meated ? Has it found its way back to the soil, to 



