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it seems to me that far more may be done to remedy 

 them, if Government remains the Landlord, than if 

 the sole property in the soil be made over to indi- 

 viduals. And there is yet one more cause a cause 

 more potent than any yet assigned, in its influence 

 on the condition of the cultivators, and its bearing 

 on this highly important question. I allude to the 

 low degree of the intellectual development of the 

 people. I am fully alive to the magic of property 

 in the soil. I heartily concur in the opinion, that 

 if you give a man secure possession of a bleak rock, 

 he will turn it into a garden ; and if you give him a 

 five years' lease of a garden, he will convert it into a 

 desert. But, I conceive that by a man, is here 

 meant, a thinking intelligent being, one who not 

 only knows his own interest, but knows how to work 

 it out ; and, if Adam Smith's authority is of any 

 weight, this could not have been predicated of an 

 English man a century ago, and it certainly cannot 

 be predicated of any race or section of the people of 

 India at the present day. 



English settlers and speculators, as pioneers, and 

 by the introduction of capital, will do much for the 

 material progress of the country. But it must 

 never be lost sight of, that Englishmen in India, are 

 but a means to an end, and that though in the attain- 

 ment of this end, the interests of both races may be 

 well served, as long as the existence of the one race 

 is exotic, the interests of both must in no small de- 

 gree be antagonistic. Englishmen in India, from this 



