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rating* their little farms. Hence the necessity for 

 the system of advances, against the iniquity of which 

 so much is said and written, by people who under- 

 stand very little about it. Nor do I allude solely to 

 English writers; but to many in India, whose know- 

 ledge while only surface deep, is often taken in Eng- 

 land for very much more than it is worth. The 

 system of advances, so much railed at in England 

 and India, is simply a necessity arising 1 out of the 

 extreme poverty of the people, and its only cure 

 lies in such a settlement of the land tenure, as en- 

 suring to the actual cultivators of the soil, a larger 

 share of the profits resulting* from their own indus- 

 try, will enable them, after providing" themselves 

 with the necessaries of life, to call their crops, at 

 least, their own. The sale of land in fee-simple to 

 ignorant and unenlightened landlords will not effect 

 this. Nor yet the redemption of the land revenue. 

 A perpetual settlement will be equally impotent to 

 accomplish the end. It has not accomplished it in 

 Bengal. On the contrary, the ryots are admitted 

 to be in an extremely depressed condition. Before 

 much benefit can result from any improvement in 

 the land tenure of the country, landlords must be 

 better educated, and cultivators more intelligent 

 than at present. The former must learn that the 

 ryots, as the source of their wealth, must be solicit- 

 ously cared for, and that some better and more pro- 

 fitable use may be made of their accumulated sav- 

 ings, than squandering them in personal luxuries, 



