THE LUNG PLAGUE OF CATTLE. 13 



INFECTION OF SWEDEN. 



Sweden, long protected by the Halt ic and by her independence of ex- 

 ternal supplies from the animal plagues of Central Europe, was infected 

 by lung plague in 1847 by means of English cattle imported for the im- 

 provement of the native stock. It spread over three provinces, and the 

 following year was conveyed to Denmark, but in both countries most 

 stringent measures were adopted for its suppression (including the 

 slaughter of the infected, with indemnity), and these were speedily fol- 

 lowed by success. 



INFECTIONS OF DENMARK. 



Besides the invasion through Sweden in 1848, this country has been 

 repeatedly invaded by the lung plague, to which it was especially ex- 

 posed because of its immense dairying interests. By virtue of its pecu- 

 liar peninsular position, however, it was spared those wholesale inva- 

 sions which came upon Holland, Belgium, and France through their 

 being in the direct track of the cattle trade to England, and through 

 their home demands for their large distillery stables. Denmark, ac- 

 cordingly, suffered only on rare occasions, when infected cattle were im- 

 ported to replenish the dairy herds, and through a well devised and 

 faithfully executed system of extinction they have always succeeded in. 

 stamping out each outbreak in its incipient stage. Professor Fenger, in 

 18G2, wrote: 



As to the appearance of the disease in the Kingdom of Denmark, it is an established 

 fact that it has taken place only three times upon three different farms where cattle 

 had been introduced from abroad. No other cattle were affected than those in the 

 three herds alluded to, and for three years no disease has appeared in Denmark. As 

 to the spontaneous origin of pleuro-pneumonia, I wish to draw your attention to the 

 fact that it is never seen in the town of Copenhagen, notwithstanding that in this 

 place large dairies are kept where the cows are fed on draff from the distilleries, and 

 are kept in a state very contrary to any which sanitary rules might suggest. In l h- 

 dukedom of Schles wig the disease has been imported several times (last from England) 

 and occasionally has spread rather widely. This autumn the cattle of 30 different 

 places in Schlesvrig have been kept in a kind of quarantine. 



A more recent infection is that of the island of Funen, the nearest 

 point to Germany, in 1880. The lung plague infected a herd of sixty 

 cattle at Dalumgaard, near Odense, but was stamped out by the 

 slaughter of the whole herd, the stopping of all cattle markets, and of 

 all exportation of cattle from the island for eleven weeks. 



INFECTION OF NORWAY. 



Norway imported lung plague in a cargo of Ayrshire cattle, intro- 

 duced into the herd of the Agricultural College at Aas. The disease 

 broke out three months after their arrival, and was stamped out by the 

 slaughter of all the native cattle with which the Ayrshires had come 

 in contact, and by a prolonged quarantine of the Ayrshires themselves. 



INFECTION OF SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN. 



Schleswig-Holstein, formerly under Danish rule, but more exposed 

 to infection by its proximity to Germany and Holland, has been more 

 frequently infected than Denmark, but has never failed in promptly 

 extinguishing the contagion. One infection was through Ayrshire cat- 

 tle brought from Scotland in 1859, and was suppressed by the slaughter 

 of the infected animals and the prolonged quarantine of the district, as 



