THE LUNG PLAGUE OF CATTLE. 89 



main for over a year, and the bearers have often proved the centers of 

 new outbreaks. 



35th. Thoroughbred cattle, on account of their high value, are the most 

 likely to be preserved, and if afterward sent West, they become ex- 

 tremely dangerous because of these encysted masses. The large indem- 

 nity expected for a thorougbred should therefore be no excuse for his 

 preservation when infected. 



;><lth. Inoculation for lung plague is calculated to largely reduce the 

 losses, but at the expense of a permanent preservation and general dis- 

 semination of the virus. 



.I7th. Inoculation has never yet permanently rid any country of lung 

 plague. 



38th. This, together with its expense and the impossibility of making 

 it universal, condemns the measure as a palliation for America, so long 

 as we can avail of the incomparably better method of extinction. 



39th. A thorough investigation of the great centers for cattle feeding 

 and cattle traffic has demonstrated that at the close of 1881 there was 

 no lung plague west of the Alleghanies ; but that the disease- was still 

 confined to an area extending from Putnam County, New York, to Fair- 

 (;i\ County, Virginia. 



40th. We see no reason to conclude that the disease is disappearing 

 under the present management ; on the contrary, the absence of regular 

 inspections in the infected districts leaves it to make its way unknown 

 and unheeded, as it did prior to 1878. 



41st. In the present status of the lung plague and cattle trade it is 

 impossible to guarantee the health of even Western cattle exported 

 from New York, Philadelphia, or Baltimore. 



42d. It would be possible at present to guarantee the health of West- 

 ern cattle exported from Boston or Portland, but if this led to the ship- 

 ment to these ports of cattle from New York City, Philadelphia, or Balti- 

 more, this guarantee would be at once invalidated. 



43d. As a prerequisite, therefore, to the furnishing of certificates of 

 health with cattle shipped from Boston and Portland, the Federal Govern- 

 ment must interdict the movement of cattle out of any infected State. 



44th. This interdiction, supplemented by a control of the through traffic 

 from the West, and the establishing of bonded markets at such places 

 as Buffalo, Albany, and Pittsburgh, would not only protect our exports 

 but secure us against any extension of the plague through the shipment 

 of thoroughbreds or commoner cattle westward or southward. 



45th. By providing bonded markets at the ports of New York, Phila- 

 delphia, and Baltimore, and by admitting to these cattle from sound 

 States only, under proper regulations as to transit, we could further give 

 certificates of health with Western cattle shipped from these points, and 

 furnish the districts with the means of obtaining store cattle without 

 danger of infection. 



46th. The cleansing and disinfection of cars and ships (and their con- 

 tents) conveying cattle to or from the bonded yards is an essential con- 

 dition of any guarantee. 



47th. The present method of quarantining imported cattle is objection- 

 able, and should be exchanged for one requiring that the detention be 

 for all alike, in premises at the port, provided for the purpose and kept 

 under the control of the Federal Government. 



48th. For export fat cattle we recognize the necessity for strong sep- 

 arate stalls on board ship, properly cleated to give firm foothold, and 

 above all, that ample provision be made for ventilation by the use of a 

 revolving fan, or by extraction by the heat of the furnace. This we rec- 



