THE LUNG PLAGUE OF CATTLE. 95 



from Indiana : the others were from different parts of the surrounding count ry. and 

 one cow was tVoni a city dair\. 



The largest dairy near Pittsburgh U kepi l>\ A. 1 1 an i-oii. Oakland, near Fi I'l h a \ < 

 line. He has LS9 OOW8. l^'sl \carthe loss iVoin death was three head. He is now 

 milking 7~> cows, which 1 examined and found no diseased ones among them. The 

 remainder of his herd do not give milk mw, and were upon a farm at past uiv se\ eral 

 miles away. He feeds his cows upon brewers' Drains, wheat bran, oil cake, hay, and 

 cornstalks. At this season of the \ ear t hey a re only kept in t he st aide during the 

 lime they are milked, and turned out upon the adjoining fields at other times. TllO 

 principal Stable is 8 feet in height from tloor to ceiling. The cows an- tied with 

 chains. :> feet apart, in t \\ o long rows facing each other, with a passage-way 1<> feet 

 wide between the mangers, and an alley :H'eet wide behind the cows. At each end 

 of the latter is a door t l>\ ' feet to admit air. No provision is made for the escape 

 of heated and impure air. Being upon the side of a hill, the drainage isexeellent : 

 no stagnant pools of water for the cows to drink from, but pure, running water is 

 provided at ditferent points for this purpose. Tin- cows remain in the dairy as long 

 as they yield a protit a hie supply of milk, some of them for several years, and \\ hen dis- 

 posed of to the butchers their place is filled by other cows raised upon the farm. 



In company with Mr. I'.roebeck, sanitary inspector for the board ofhealth, I visited 

 some of the smaller dairies in his district. 



Peter Owen has four cows whicn were free from disease. The stable, composed of 

 a stone wall on two sides, is 7 feet high, 30 feet long, and 16 feet wide. The cows are 

 tied :M feet apart, with their mangers along the wall. A door o 1 feet high and lOfeet 

 wide at the end of a passage-way 10 feet wide admits air. They are fed upon brew- 

 _ rains, wheat bran, cracked corn, and hay. They are seldom turned out, except 

 upon the commons occasionally for exercise. When dry they are sold to the butcher, 

 and fresh cows are bought at the covs r market to take their place. One cow, which 

 had been in the stahlo about two weeks, showed a temperature of 102 Fahr. 



August Miller, corner of Twelfth street and Washington street, has five cows. 

 They were healthy. One cow bought in the country last March showed a temperature 

 of inl Fahr. They are kept in one end of a horse-stable 33 feet long and 20 feet 

 wide. A passage-way 4 feet wide separates the cows at each side, and. a door at the 

 end and side give a good circulation of air. The feed and general mode of manage- 

 ment is the same as in the former case. 



Geo. Dietzler, Twenty-fifth street, eight cows, which were free from disease. They 

 were kept in four different shanties or outbuildings, each about 10 feet square, with 

 two cows in each. Treatment same as preceding. 



G. F. Betler has 13 cows, which were in a fenced pasture with the cows of several 

 other dairymen. The cows were panting with the heat but there were no indications 

 of disease in the lungs. The stable where these cows are kept is 51 feet long, 10 feet 

 wide, and 8 feet high ; each cow has a stall 3 feet wide and 5 feet long. The feed is 

 brewers' grains, wheat bran, and clover hay. The cows of various owners are al- 

 lowed to feed together upon the commons in this vicinity , but no disease is contract ed 

 from so doing. 



John J. Williams, Penn street, keeps 12 cows, which were free from lung disease. 

 The stable was built of rough boards, 5 cows in one portion, 3 in another, and 4 in 

 another. These sheds are 8 feet high in front and 7 feet in the rear, with a passage 

 2 feet wide behind the cows, with a door at each end. The feed is brewers' grains, 

 wheat bran, and hay. 



The only large feeding stables in the vicinity of Pittsburgh are at Freeport, about 

 15 miles up the river, at A. Gnekenheimer & Bros.'s distillery. The stables are cap- 

 able of feeding 300 head of cattle.. At the time of my visit there were 125 bulls in 

 the stable, which had been in about three weeks. They were bought at the stock 

 yards in Hast Libert\ r and from farmers in the neighborhood of Freeport. The annual 

 lo>-, Mr. (Jiickenheimer states is very small, and mainly from accidental injuries. 

 I.a-t year not over 8 head died out of the several hundred fed at these stables. The 

 warm slop is run into long t roughs, 12 inches wide and 18 inches deep, in front of the 

 cattle four times per day, and hay is fed once per day, usually at night. Fresh cattle 

 are bought in small lots as they can be obtained, about the middle of September; 

 about the middle of the next May they are sold off, a few car -loads at a time, and are 

 all sold on' in a month's time, so that during the warm summer months the stables are 

 entirely empty. The ventilation is by means of three openings in the peak of the 

 roof, 16 feet long and 4 feet wide, and provided with doors 1 foot wide, which can br 

 opened or shut as may be necessary air enters each end of the building through 

 doors 4 feet wide and (> feet high. Haeh animal is tied by a chain around the neck, 

 and has a space 3^ feet wide, 10 feet long, with a manure alley 3 feet wide, and a feed- 

 ing alley 4 feet wide, and the shed is 7 feet high at the eaves and 15 feet at the peak 

 of the roof. One hundred cattle are confined in a building 100 feet long and 60 feet 

 wide. These cattle were all healthy. Some were loose in a yard near by, that were 

 bruised or had sores upon them, so' that they could not be tied up. In the spring, 

 when fat, they are sold and shipped to eastern markets. 



