Till: LI \(l PLAGUE OF CATTLE. 97 



are tied iri rows with 48 in eaob row, each :inirn;il having a span- :\ feet wide. The 



sheds arc <>A feet hi^li behind t he cat t le, and about Id feet at their head. Troughs 

 10 i nc lies high and 1'J indies \\ idc run along in iVunt of t he cat t le into \vliicli tin- slop 

 is run. Between this trough and the trough of the next row of cattle is a space '.' 

 feel wide. .\bo\e this space arc openings in the roof 1 loot wide and (i feet long, (i 

 feet apart, which secures very good ventilation. The senii-li(|iiid manure drains (ill' 

 into nutters in the rear ol' each row of cat 1 1 e, and then into a small stream \\ hich runs 

 along t he end of t he shed. In a dd it ion to the slop :i lion t eight pounds of cut ha v per 

 head is fed once a day. Cattle remain in t he st aide from si \ to eight i mint I is, ami at 

 the end of that time are very fat. Fresh stock is drawn from the surrounding farms, 

 and are also bought at the stock yards nearly six miles away. The cattle all appeared 

 healthy at t he t ime of my visit , and seven gave the followiii" temjierat ures : 101.8 

 Fahr./lOJ Fahr., 10IV Fahr., lo*J.s Falir.i 101.2 Fahr., HH.l Fahr., 101.7 F:.hr. 



The principal stock yards of the city arc those on the Chicago. Milwaukee tV Saint 

 Paul Kailroud. The out line of these yards is t riangular, wit h railroad trackson two 

 sides and t he Menominee River on the other side ; consequently the neighboring he I'd s 

 cannot come in communication with the rattle in the yards. The stock that come to 

 these yards come from the States of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, ;ind Illinois. 



There were sold at these yards, in 1HHO. cattle, 2(>,142 he:ul ; in 1H79, cattle, 25,210 

 head. To this should lie added aliout one-third more to represent t he number that 

 are unshipped for feeding and watering only, and then sent on to Chicago. 



The superintendent of the yard stated that he never heard any complaints from 

 persons doing business here, of losses from sick or diseased cattle. Mr. Waixelberg, 

 a cattle dealer, stated that he had never seen any sick cattle in these yards, neither 

 does he know of any disease in the State or States that send cattle here. All cattle. 

 in the yards at the time of my visit were healthy. All grades of cattle were there; 

 oxen and steers for slaughter, bnlls to he fed in distilleries, yearlings which are sold 

 to fanners ami fed. ami lean cattle which are used hy the packing and heel-canning 

 establishments. Fresh cowsand their calves brought from adjoining towns and conn- 

 ties were for sale here also. 



In Market Square, of the second ward, there is a retail cattle market. Here I saw 

 nliont 100 fat cattle, nearly all State cattle, some of them driven in from the country, 

 and all perfectly healthy. Fresh cows are also offered for sale here, (joining princi- 

 pally from the neighboring country. John Behme, a dealer at these yards, said he 

 found the cattle here healthy. 



In company with George Kaeppel, city meat inspector, I visited the city slaughter- 

 house, at which many of the butchers kill the cattle to supply their meat markets. I 

 examined the lungs of about 50 animals, being those killed on three days, and found 

 them healthy. Also visited Plankiuton & Armour's beef-packing establishment, where 

 now they are killing 150 cattle per day. Could rind no traces of disease. Also visited 

 the meat market of John Moeller, Walnut street, who kills about 35 cattle per week, 

 and examined a number of lungs of cattle killed that day. which were healthy. 



Visited the dairy of Frank Schmidt, Fourteenth street, who keeps 12 cows) which 

 were free from disease. The stable is about 7 feet high, with cows tied 3 feet apart, 

 a trough for food in front of them, and a rack for hay above that. A passage-way. I 

 feet wide behind theeows and a door 4 by 6 feet admits air. The feed is malt or 

 brewers' grains, wheat middlings with hay in winter and grass in summer. Mr. 

 Schmidt says he has never lost a cow. He milks them as long as they will give milk 

 and then fattens and sells to the butcher. Fresh cows he buys wherever he can liml 

 tlu-ni, usually of farmers in the country. The premises wen-Very neat, and clean and 

 well drained. 



.John ( >tten. Seventeenth street, had 10 cows in a low, dark stable 5| feet high. No 

 provision was made for ventilation except from a door in the side of the stable. The 

 cows were free from lung plague, however. The feed was brewers' grains, wheat bran, 

 and hay. No special provision for drainage, and the water stood in pools around the 

 stable. Thirty cows belonging to different owners were feeding on the commons in 

 the vicinity, yet all appeared healthy. 



F. Dabberphul, corner of Centre and Ninth streets, had 10 cows, which I examined 

 and found healthy. They were tied in stalls 7| feet high, 3 feet wide, and 8 feet long, 

 and a passage-way 4 feet wide behind them. The feed was brewers' grains, wheat 

 bran, and hay. The land was flat, sloping very slightly, andwaterand manure stood 

 at one end of the stable. The ventilation was through doors and windows behind 

 the cows. 



F. Bartlett, Centre street, had 13 cows, which were healthy. The space allowed 

 each animal was 3 feet wide, 6 feet long, and 6 feet high, with a passage 3 feet wide 

 behind. Two doors and two small windows were the only means of ventilation. The 

 place was dirty and poorly drained. I examined 9 cows in a small, dark stable sur- 

 rounded by mud and stagnant water. Each animal had a space 6 feet high, 2 feet 

 wide, and 7 feet long. Notwithstanding the cramped quarters andiilthy surroundings, 

 none of them had lung plague. 



S. Ex. 106 7 



