328 AGRICULTURE 



mart near Bovenkarspel, a black board 

 headed "Black List" is placed in a con- 

 spicuous position outside the mart, and on 

 this the president of the society writes the 

 name of any member who has endeavoured 

 to pass inferior produce, and the name 

 of any dealer who is in default in his 

 payments. 



Specimens of the rules of these associations 

 are given in the appendix. It is claimed for 

 this system of co-operation that it has largely 

 reduced the commission and charges formerly 

 paid to middlemen, that it has served to keep 

 up the standard of quality of Dutch produce, 

 and that it has prevented the under-cutting 

 of prices which arises when individual pro- 

 ducers compete against each other in the same 

 market. Goods sold under the registered 

 trade-marks have an established reputation 

 on home and foreign markets, and the enforce- 

 ment of a high standard of quality by the 

 marking committees has made it difficult for 

 an individual to spoil the market for his fellow 



