NO EMIGRATION. 49 



drains all the cash from this part of the province : there 

 are importation duties on each, but they are often evaded. 

 There are salt springs in various parts of the province, 

 but not worked for want of capital, and more for want of 

 energy and encouragement. As yet there have been but 

 few, very few, people of capital, settled in this country ; 

 certainly, I think, for want of knowing its superior advan 

 tages. If individuals will not, or are not able, to establish 

 works of this kind, which are beneficial to the community 

 at large, government would do well to offer premiums for 

 the purpose. A premium was offered for the first paper 

 mill, and one was soon erected, to the advantage of the 

 proprietor as well as the public ; another, or two, have been 

 erected since. The practice of giving salt to cattle is attri* 

 buted to the freshness of the air, on account of the great 

 distance of the ocean ; cattle and sheep are all fond of it, 

 and will take it from the hand ; deer will go miles to the 

 salt spring, or &quot; licks,&quot; as they are called. What seems to 

 confirm the opinion of the freshness of the air is, that iron 

 will hardly rust, as scythes, &c. are often hung in the open 

 air from one year s end to another without receiving injury, 

 merely tarnishing a little. 



Jan. 1, 1826. Been a few very sharp frosty days, with 

 a little snow, which has put the people all in motion, 

 sleighing, cuttering, &c. A sleigh is drawn by two horses 

 abreast, here called a &quot; span; 1 a cutter is drawn by one 

 horse: they are both made alike as to shape; the box, 

 or frame, is made light, and painted green or blue mostly, 

 and some fancifully ; they are something in the form of a 

 chariot, fixed on two runners in the shape of skates, made 

 of wood, and shod with steel or cast iron. With the com 

 mencement of this year terminated the original regulations 

 for granting land to settlers, and by an Order in Council 

 new rules were set forth, to be continued for two years, 

 which are noticed in the Appendix. The winters of Ca 

 nada are a terror to Englishmen ; but though colder, they 



versed. With regard to leather, the province in a few years will be 

 able to supply itself, as the country gets full of cattle ; and it is be 

 coming a practice for the farmers to kill one or more each, at the 

 beginning of the winter, for their own use, besides others they sell. 

 Xo new settlement can raise sufficient at first, as cows are then pre 

 served for breeders until old. Sole leather selling in Buffaloe at 

 per pound, in York 15rZ., and up in the West 22^d. 



