SO EMIGRATION. k 



men and two yoke of oxen one yoke and two men to 

 plough, and the&quot; other to scrape, will do as much work in 

 this way, where there are no obstructions, as fifteen or 

 twenty men in the same time, by the ordinary way of dig 

 ging. The bottoms of the canals are often done the same 

 way, and always ploughed, I believe; and in that case sho 

 velled into carts, or wheelbarrows, seldom or ever dug. 

 In the evening I was overtaken by an elderly man, who pro 

 cured me a lodging, and I was hospitably received by his 

 family ; they had every thing comfortable in their log-house, 

 and were among the earliest settlers of the State. The 

 settlers in the woods appear to be the most independent and 

 contented people, in their way, I ever met with ; perhaps 

 with only a log house unplastered, containing two rooms, 

 one above and one below, sometimes only one below, with 

 a large open fire place and a log fire. The chimney back 

 and hearth built of stone, picked up about the farm; a 

 boarded floor unplaned, perhaps hewed only, if too far from 

 a saw mill, one or two small glass sash windows, and some 

 times, at first, none ; doors and gates with wooden hooks and 

 hinges. A few articles of common household utensils, two 

 spinning wheels one for flax and one for wool, with reaves 

 of spun yarn hung- round the inside of the house, on wooden 

 pegs driven into the logs ; an upright churn ; (women 

 always milk the cows and churn) ; a gun, or rifle ; one, two, 

 or more dogs ; an oven out of doors at a little distance from 

 the house, sometimes built of clay only, at others of brick 

 or stones, often placed on the stump of a tree near the house, 

 and a shed covered over with bark of a tree, or slabs to keep 

 it dry ; a yoke of oxen, some young steers, two or three 

 cows, eight or ten sheep, perhaps a horse or a &quot; span ;&quot; 

 a sleigh waggon, plough and harrow, the latter, perhaps, 

 with wooden teeth, form all their riches except their land, 

 and they often raise 100 or 200 bushels of wheat, 80 or 100 

 of corn, some oats, peas, and perhaps buck wheat, and a 

 patch of flax, and fatten three or four hogs, and a cow, or 

 yoke of oxen in a season, besides seven or eight more store 

 pigs, and a sow or two. But those who brought property 

 with them, or were fortunate in having a large family of sons, 

 industrious, and keep from the tavern, perhaps have got a 

 good frame-house, or, at all events, a good frame barn, 80 or 

 100 acres of land cleared; grow 400 to 600 or more bushels 

 of wheat ; other things in proportion, with two or three yoke 



