NO EMIGRATION. 107 



to bring them down alongside each other as much as pos 

 sible, and their heads where you make the brush heaps ; 

 and be careful they do not fall on yourself, for should one 

 lodge on another that is standing, it is dangerous get 

 ting it down, to one unacquainted with the business ; be 

 sides, the boughs breaking, are often propelled back with 

 great force. There are too often people killed by trees in 

 new settlements, where several are at work together, and 

 all new beginners. Plant the corn and potatoes without 

 ploughing, as before described. Now clear more land in 

 the same way for wheat, to be sown in the fall ; and after 

 wards some for oats, next spring, for the cattle each 

 to be only harrowed in, without any ploughing. Settlers 

 generally sow Timothy grass among the wheat or oats, but 

 red clover is far preferable by itself or mixed with the former, 

 or (could it be procured) good rye or vernal grass. White 

 or Dutch clover generally springs up in a year or two, spon 

 taneously on some land, yet perhaps it would be better to 

 sow it if it could be procured, as it would come immediately, 

 and be more uniform. A good chopper will chop an acre or 

 more of moderately heavy timber in a week, and in making 

 a bee for logging, four or five acres can be drawn into heaps 

 in a day, by giving about 4s. or 5s. worth of whiskey and 

 something to eat ; but of course you must assist at the bees 

 of others if required. There are generally plenty of people 

 willing to go to bees, for the sake of the company and the 

 whiskey, and frolic at night. They work briskly at these 

 bees, and in good humour, striving against each other. 



To a person who is about to settle on entire woodland, I 

 would recommend the following system : after well clearing 

 a few acres in the immediate vicinity in which the house 

 is intended to be built, and all round, that the trees left 

 standing may be at sufficient distance to be out of danger of 

 falling on it, and a small piece fenced off for cattle to lie in 

 at night, out of the same danger, in windy weather ; then 

 cut down, on ten or fifteen acres, the small and decayed trees 



per cwt. Prices vary according to the demand in England. When 

 potash brings a good price, and the land to be cleared has those sorts of 

 timber growing on it the most proper for the purpose, the ashes will 

 often pay for clearing the land. If not preserved at all, land can be 

 hired, to be chopped, logged, burned, and fenced, at from 45*. to 52*. 

 per acre. 



