CONSTITUENTS OF MATTER 141 



tion of time. The one all-embracing time, like the one 

 all-embracing space, is a construction ; there is no direct 

 time-relation between particulars belonging to my per 

 spective and particulars belonging to another man s. On 

 the other hand, any two particulars of which I am aware 

 are either simultaneous or successive, and their simul 

 taneity or successiveness is sometimes itself a datum to 

 me. We may therefore define the perspective to which a 

 given particular belongs as &quot; all particulars simultaneous 

 with the given particular,&quot; where &quot; simultaneous &quot; is to 

 be understood as a direct simple relation, not the deriva 

 tive constructed relation of physics. It may be observed 

 that the introduction of &quot; local time &quot; suggested by the 

 principle of relativity has effected, for purely scientific 

 reasons, much the same multiplication of times as we 

 have just been advocating. 



The sum-total of all the particulars that are (directly) 

 either simultaneous with or before or after a given par 

 ticular may be defined as the &quot; biography &quot; to which that 

 particular belongs. It will be observed that, just as a 

 perspective need not be actually perceived by any one, 

 so a biography need not be actually lived by any one. 

 Those biographies that are lived by no one are called 

 &quot; official.&quot; 



The definition of a &quot; thing &quot; is effected by means of 

 continuity and of correlations which have a certain 

 differential independence of other &quot; things.&quot; That is to 

 say, given a particular in one perspective, there will 

 usually in a neighbouring perspective be a very similar 

 particular, differing from the given particular, to the first 

 order of small quantities, according to a law involving 

 only the difference of position of the two perspectives in 

 perspective space, and not any of the other &quot; things &quot; in 

 the universe. ( It is this continuity and differential in 

 dependence in the law ef change as we pass from one 



