420 INDIAN GOVERNMENTS. 



LIB. vi. m any fall (which know not which is the lawfull wife or the 

 concubine among the Indians) causing the Indian that is 

 baptized to marry with his concubine, leaving the lawfull 

 wife : thereby also wee may see the small reason some have 

 had, that pretended to say, that wee ought to ratifie the 

 marriage of those that were baptized, although they were 

 brother and sister. The contrary hath beene determined by 

 the provincial! Synode of Lyma, with much reason, seeing 

 among the Indians themselves this kind of marriage is vn- 

 ia wful. 



CHAP. xix. Of the Originall of the Yncas, Lords of Peru, 

 with their Conquests and Victories. 



By the commandement of Don Philip the Catholike 

 King, they have made the most diligent and exact search 

 that could be, of the beginning, customes, and priviledges 

 of the Yncas, the which was not so perfectly done as was 

 desired, for that the Indians had no written recordes; yet 

 they have recovered that which I shall write by meanes of 

 their Quippos and registers. First, there was not in Peru 

 in olde time, any King or Lord to whome all obeyed, but 

 they were comminalties, as at this day there be in the 

 realme of Chile, and in a maner, in all the Provinces 

 which the Spaniards have conquered in those west- 

 erne Indies, except the realme of Mexico. You must 

 therefore understand that they have found three maner of 

 governments at the Indies. The first and best was a 

 Monarchic, as that of the Yncas, and of MoteQuma, although 

 for the most part they were tyrannous. The second was of 

 Comminalties, where they were governed by the advice 

 and authoritie of many, which are as it were Counsellors. 

 These in time of warre made choice of a Captaine, to whome 

 a whole Nation or Province did obey; and in time of peace 

 every Towne or Comminaltic did rule and governe them- 



